In this research, we assess whether and how government-to-person (G2P_ payments increase formal financial inclusion. This work couples observations, interviews, and focus groups in Colombia and Pakistan with extensive analysis of reports on G2P payments covering 19 countries and quantitative data from the World Bank Global Findex.
While our research identifies five key mechanisms by which G2P payments could lead to greater financial inclusion, the evidence ultimately suggests that G2P beneficiaries do not take advantage of the basic and common functionality of these programs.
We provide insightful recommendations for governments and the private sector to design better products, optimize delivery of payments, and effectively communicate the advantages of these programs to beneficiaries.